[−][src]Module pbrt::core::geometry

Almost all nontrivial graphics programs are built on a foundation of geometric classes. These classes represent mathematical constructs like points, vectors, and rays.

Points

A point is a zero-dimensional location in 2D or 3D space. The Point2 and Point3 classes in pbrt represent points in the obvious way: using x, y, z (in 3D) coordinates with respect to a coordinate system. Although the same representation is used for vectors, the fact that a point represents a position whereas a vector represents a direction leads to a number of important differences in how they are treated.

extern crate pbrt;

use pbrt::core::geometry::Point3;

fn main() {
    let int_origin = Point3 { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 };
    let float_origin = Point3 {
        x: 0.0,
        y: 0.0,
        z: 0.0,
    };

    println!("int   {:?}", int_origin);
    println!("float {:?}", float_origin);
}

Vectors

pbrt provides both 2D and 3D vector classes. Both are parameterized by the type of the underlying vector element, thus making it easy to instantiate vectors of both integer and floating-point types.

extern crate pbrt;

use pbrt::core::geometry::Vector3;

fn main() {
    let int_null = Vector3 { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 };
    let float_null = Vector3 {
        x: 0.0,
        y: 0.0,
        z: 0.0,
    };

    println!("int   {:?}", int_null);
    println!("float {:?}", float_null);
}

Normals

A surface normal (or just normal) is a vector that is perpendicular to a surface at a particular position. It can be defined as the cross product of any two nonparallel vectors that are tangent to the surface at a point. Although normals are superficially similar to vectors, it is important to distinguish between the two of them: because normals are defined in terms of their relationship to a particular surface, they behave differently than vectors in some situations, particularly when applying transformations.

extern crate pbrt;

use pbrt::core::geometry::Normal3;

fn main() {
    let int_null = Normal3 { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 };
    let float_null = Normal3 {
        x: 0.0,
        y: 0.0,
        z: 0.0,
    };

    println!("int   {:?}", int_null);
    println!("float {:?}", float_null);
}

Rays

A ray is a semi-infinite line specified by its origin and direction. pbrt represents a Ray with a Point3f for the origin and a Vector3f for the direction. We only need rays with floating-point origins and directions, so Ray isn't a template class parameterized by an arbitrary type, as points, vectors, and normals were.

extern crate pbrt;

use pbrt::core::geometry::{Ray, Point3f, Vector3f};

fn main() {
    let origin = Point3f {
        x: -5.5,
        y: 2.75,
        z: 0.0,
    };
    let direction = Vector3f {
        x: 1.0,
        y: -8.75,
        z: 2.25,
    };
    let ray = Ray {
        o: origin,
        d: direction,
        t_max: std::f32::INFINITY,
        time: 0.0,
        medium: None,
        differential: None,
    };
}

RayDifferentials

RayDifferential is a subclass of Ray that contains additional information about two auxiliary rays. These extra rays represent camera rays offset by one sample in the x and y direction from the main ray on the film plane. By determining the area that these three rays project on an object being shaded, the Texture can estimate an area to average over for proper antialiasing.

In Rust we don't have inheritance, therefore we use an Option in the Ray struct, which means the additional information can be present (or not).

Bounding Boxes

Many parts of the system operate on axis-aligned regions of space. For example, multi-threading in pbrt is implemented by subdividing the image into rectangular tiles that can be processed independently, and the bounding volume hierarchy uses 3D boxes to bound geometric primitives in the scene. The Bounds2 and Bounds3 template classes are used to represent the extent of these sort of regions. Both are parameterized by a type T that is used to represent the coordinates of its extents.

extern crate pbrt;

use pbrt::core::geometry::{Bounds3, Point3};

fn main() {
    let int_origin = Point3 { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 };
    let int_xyz111 = Point3 { x: 1, y: 1, z: 1 };
    let float_origin = Point3 {
        x: 0.0,
        y: 0.0,
        z: 0.0,
    };
    let float_xyz111 = Point3 {
        x: 1.0,
        y: 1.0,
        z: 1.0,
    };
    let int_unit_cube = Bounds3 {
        p_min: int_origin,
        p_max: int_xyz111,
    };
    let float_unit_cube = Bounds3 {
        p_min: float_origin,
        p_max: float_xyz111,
    };

    println!("int   {:?}", int_unit_cube);
    println!("float {:?}", float_unit_cube);
}

Structs

Bounds2
Bounds2Iterator
Bounds3
Normal3
Point2
Point3
Ray
RayDifferential
Vector2
Vector3

Functions

bnd3_expand	Pads the bounding box by a constant factor in both dimensions.
bnd2_intersect_bnd2	The intersection of two bounding boxes can be found by computing the maximum of their two respective minimum coordinates and the minimum of their maximum coordinates.
bnd3_union_bnd3	Construct a new box that bounds the space encompassed by two other bounding boxes.
bnd3_union_pnt3	Given a bounding box and a point, the bnd3_union_pnt3() function returns a new bounding box that encompasses that point as well as the original box.
nrm_abs	Return normal with the absolute value of each coordinate.
nrm_abs_dot_vec3	Computes the absolute value of the dot product.
nrm_cross_vec3	Given a normal and a vector in 3D, the cross product is a vector that is perpendicular to both of them.
nrm_dot_nrm	Product of the Euclidean magnitudes of a normal (and another normal) and the cosine of the angle between them. A return value of zero means both are orthogonal, a value if one means they are codirectional.
nrm_dot_vec3	Product of the Euclidean magnitudes of a normal (and a vector) and the cosine of the angle between them. A return value of zero means both are orthogonal, a value if one means they are codirectional.
nrm_faceforward_nrm	Flip a surface normal so that it lies in the same hemisphere as a given normal.
nrm_faceforward_vec3	Flip a surface normal so that it lies in the same hemisphere as a given vector.
pnt2_floor	Apply floor operation component-wise.
pnt2_ceil	Apply ceil operation component-wise.
pnt2_inside_exclusive	Is a 2D point inside a 2D bound?
pnt3_permute	Permute the coordinate values according to the povided permutation.
pnt3_lerp	Interpolate linearly between two provided points.
pnt3_floor	Apply floor operation component-wise.
pnt3_ceil	Apply ceil operation component-wise.
pnt3_abs	Apply abs operation component-wise.
pnt3_distance	The distance between two points is the length of the vector between them.
pnt3_distance_squared	The distance squared between two points is the length of the vector between them squared.
pnt3_offset_ray_origin	When tracing spawned rays leaving the intersection point p, we offset their origins enough to ensure that they are past the boundary of the error box and thus won't incorrectly re-intersect the surface.
pnt2_max_pnt2	Apply std::cmp::max operation component-wise.
pnt2_min_pnt2	Apply std::cmp::min operation component-wise.
pnt3_inside_bnd3	Determine if a given point is inside the bounding box.
spherical_direction	Calculate appropriate direction vector from two angles.
spherical_direction_vec3	Take three basis vectors representing the x, y, and z axes and return the appropriate direction vector with respect to the coordinate frame defined by them.
spherical_phi	Conversion of a direction to spherical angles.
spherical_theta	Conversion of a direction to spherical angles. Note that spherical_theta() assumes that the vector v has been normalized before being passed in.
vec2_dot	Product of the Euclidean magnitudes of the two vectors and the cosine of the angle between them. A return value of zero means both vectors are orthogonal, a value if one means they are codirectional.
vec3_dot_nrm	Product of the Euclidean magnitudes of a vector (and a normal) and the cosine of the angle between them. A return value of zero means both are orthogonal, a value if one means they are codirectional.
vec3_abs_dot_nrm	Computes the absolute value of the dot product.
vec3_cross_nrm	Given a vectors and a normal in 3D, the cross product is a vector that is perpendicular to both of them.
vec3_max_component	Return the largest coordinate value.
vec3_max_dimension	Return the index of the component with the largest value.
vec3_permute	Permute the coordinate values according to the povided permutation.
vec3_coordinate_system	Construct a local coordinate system given only a single 3D vector.
vec3_abs_dot_vec3	Computes the absolute value of the dot product.
vec3_cross_vec3	Given two vectors in 3D, the cross product is a vector that is perpendicular to both of them.
vec3_dot_vec3	Product of the Euclidean magnitudes of the two vectors and the cosine of the angle between them. A return value of zero means both vectors are orthogonal, a value if one means they are codirectional.

Type Definitions

Bounds2f
Bounds2i
Bounds3f
Bounds3i
Normal3f
Point2f
Point2i
Point3f
Point3i
Vector2f
Vector2i
Vector3f
Vector3i